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East Grinstead

East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) north northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings including the longest continuous run of 14th-century timber-framed buildings in England^{[citation needed]} and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.

Places of interest

The High Street contains the longest continuous run of 14th-century timber-framed buildings in England. Other notable buildings in the town include Sackville College, the sandstone almshouse built in 1609 where the Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas" was written by John Mason Neale. The Greenwich Meridian runs through the grounds of the historic 1769 East Court mansion, home of the Town Council,^[2] giving the visitor an opportunity to stand with a foot in both the east and west. The parkland setting has sweeping views towards Ashdown Forest. In 1968 the East Grinstead Society^[3] was founded as an independent body both to protect the historically important buildings of East Grinstead (and its environs) and to improve the amenities for future generations.

On the outskirts of the town is Standen, a country house belonging to the National Trust, containing one of the best collections of arts and crafts movement furnishings and fabrics. On the A264 to Tunbridge Wells, there is a historic house called Hammerwood Park which is on occasions open to the public. East Grinstead House is the headquarters of the (UK and Ireland) Caravan Club.

Local attractions include Ashdown Forest (where the Winnie-the-Pooh stories are set) and the Bluebell Railway, a preserved heritage line with steam locomotives. The town is also the site of Queen Victoria Hospital, where famed plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe treated burns victims of World War II and formed the Guinea Pig Club. The town is well located to visit Chartwell the country home of Sir Winston Churchill, Hever Castle home of Henry VIII's second wife Anne Boleyn, and Penshurst Place home of the Sidney family. Kidbrooke Park (today Michael Hall School), a home of the Hambro family, was restored by the noted Sussex architect and antiquarian, Walter Godfrey, as was Plawhatch Hall.

During the Second World War, the town was a secondary target for German bombers who failed to make their primary target in London. During the evening of 9 July 1943, a Luftwaffe bomber became separated from his squadron, and made an attack on the town. One of his bombs fell on the Whitehall Cinema in the High Street. 108 people were killed, including many children who were watching the matinee. This was the largest loss of life of any single air raid in Sussex.

In 2006, the East Grinstead Town Museum ^[4] was moved to new custom built premises located in the historic centre of the town, and successfully re-opened to the public. The Chequer Mead Community Arts Centre^[5] includes a modern 349-seat purpose-built theatre, which stages professional and amateur plays and music (local rock groups to chamber music orchestras), opera, ballet, folk music, tribute bands, and talks. The centre has a large art gallery for temporary exhibitions.

In addition to the nearby Ashdown Forest, East Grinstead is served by the Forest Way and Worth Way linear Country Parks which follow the disused railway line from Three Bridges all the way through to Groombridge and which are part of the Sustrans national cycle network. To the south of the town lies the Weir Wood Reservoir which offers sailing^[6] and a nature reserve which attracts an interesting assortment of birdlife. It is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Religious organisations

St. Swithun's Church is the main church in the parish. One of the most impressive buildings in the town it has been on its present site since the 11th century. Near the entrance to the church, three stones mark the supposed ashes of Anne Tree, Thomas Dunngate and John Forman who were burned as martyrs on the 18th of July 1556 because they would not renounce the Protestant faith.

There are two linked churches:

St. Barnabas' in Dunnings Road

St. Luke’s in Holtye Avenue

To the north of the town centre lies the Anglican church of St. Mary's in Windmill Lane, opened in 1893 it was established by adherents of the Oxford Movement. Services at St Mary's still follow a more catholic style compared to those at St Swithun's.

Other Protestant and Non-conformist:

The Baptist Chapel in West Street

The Trinity Methodist Church at the junction of London and Lingfield Roads

The United Reformed Church

The New Life Church a (New Frontiers evangelical charismatic church)

Roman Catholic churches:

The Church of Our Lady and St. Peter Roman Catholic in London Road – which was built by local landowners, the Blount family, for the local community

Opus Dei have premises in the town

East Grinstead is also home to several non-mainstream belief systems.

To the north of the town is the Mormon London England Temple

The Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses in London Road

The Rosicrucians own property in the town

The headquarters of the Church of Scientology in the UK is at Saint Hill Manor. Bought by Scientology’s founder the science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard in 1959, Saint Hill was the religions world headquarters through the 1960s and 1970s - it still remains the organisation against which all other Scientology organisations are measured.

Redevelopment

The East Grinstead Town Centre Master Plan was adopted on 10 July 2006 as a Supplementary Planning Document (SPD).^[7] The scheme arranges regeneration of the town centre in association with Thornfield Properties PLC. As of September 2007 Thornfield Properties has submitted plans to the council for the start of an ambitious development of the Queens Walk and West Street area. It is expected that other redevelopment companies will fulfil targets outlined in the SPD over the next 20 years. Landowners and developers are being encouraged to put forward plans achieve the vision set out in the SDP. The Master Plan is part of a larger scheme which will also see the redevelopment of the Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill town centres.^[8]

A legacy of 1970s buildings followed by decades of low investment and short term planning have left the town with outdated retail spaces. The plan envisions a complete reconstruction of large parts of the town centre with a new town square as its focal point, a mix of commercial retail space, increased active shop frontage, and over 600 residential properties. The clear priority as stated by Mid Sussex District Council is the regeneration of the town centre, Queensway car park, Queens Walk and West Street.

The problems the town faces have directly affected the volume of trade and the town's economic well-being. Residents do most of their non food shopping out of town, which has resulted in retailers in the town centre closing down and commercial premises being left vacant as they cannot compete with the more attractive shopping centre in Crawley with its better transport infrastructure and larger shop areas.^[9] No public money is being spent, with the SPD being a guide for private developers and landowners to pursue the ideas. The SPD helps this in that it in essence shows locations in town that have been given an arbitrary planning permission for projects as long as they fulfil the guidelines set out in the SPD.

A new bypass is planned to ease congestion. A projected increase in population from new housing developments and an increase in tourism from the proposed linking of the town with the heritage Bluebell Railway will service the plans to regenerate the town centre. These plans have been welcomed by many although various public consultations made it clear that any development must retain the town's character. The railway station will also be redeveloped as its simple concrete construction is seen as unattractive and a bad gateway into the town, along with the dilapidated state of the Railway Approach road that leads into town. The current station was built to replace a grand wooden Victorian-era railway station that was sold and moved to the USA. Public transport has also come under criticism for being badly linked and of poor quality, resulting in many residents using private cars to move around, further increasing congestion, with limited public car parking space in town.

Other parts of the plan require new car parks, alterations to the external appearance of two supermarkets, among other improvements to the town.^{[citation needed]}

Crime

Crime rates in East Grinstead are lower than the national average.^[10]

Rail

East Grinstead has been a railway terminus since 1967, after the line from Three Bridges, to Royal Tunbridge Wells was closed under the Beeching Axe, a rationalisation of British Railways' branch lines based on a report by Dr Richard Beeching, a resident of the town at that time. (see also East Grinstead railway station for history of rail lines). The closure of the line to Lewes part of the Bluebell Railway, occurred in 1958.

In the late 1970s the town's inner relief road was built along a section of one of the closed railway lines and is named "Beeching Way". It is rumoured that this road, which runs through a cutting, was intended to be called "Beeching Cut", but that the name was altered at the last minute in the interests of formality.^{[citation needed]} Much of rest of the trackbed of the disused Three Bridges to Groombridge line now forms the route of the Worth Way and Forest Way, highly prized linear Country Parks allowing easy access to the beautiful Wealden countryside.

Bluebell Railway connection

A part of the Lewes line is being re-constructed by the Bluebell Railway,^[11] a nearby preserved standard gauge railway. Work has now actively started on the final push to the north towards East Grinstead where the line will once again join onto the national railway network. A new railway station is to be built just south of the main-line station.

Road

The town lies on the junction of the A22 and A264 roads. For just over a mile, from just to the north of the Town Centre to Felbridge village in Surrey, the two routes use the same stretch of single carriageway road. This is one of the principal causes of traffic congestion in the town.

The town is within commuting distance of London (about 30 miles) and Crawley/Gatwick (about 10 miles) by road. According to the 2001 Census, one in eight residents commuted to Crawley for work with over 98% travelling by car.

Education

Baldwins Hill Primary School - a 100-pupil primary school in buildings opened in 1898. It is federated with Halsford Park Primary

Blackwell Primary School - a 200-pupil primary school opened in 1955, moving into new buildings in 2006.

Escots Primary School - a 400-pupil primary school built in the 1970s

Halsford Park Primary School - a 400-pupil primary school, opened in 1958 and now federated with Baldwins Hill Primary

Meads Primary School - a 250-pupil primary school

St Mary's CE Primary School - a 200-pupil Church of England primary school, originally opened in 1885 moving to current buildings in 1955

St Peter's RC Primary School - a 200-pupil Roman Catholic primary school, originally opened in 1885

State secondary schools

Imberhorne School

Sackville School

Private prep schools

Brambletye, Lewes Road, East Grinstead - Full Boarding, Day, BOYS: Nursery, Pre Prep, Prep , GIRLS: Nursery, Pre Prep, Prep

Fonthill Lodge School, Coombe Hill Road, East Grinstead - Day, BOYS: Nursery, Pre Prep, Prep , GIRLS: Nursery, Pre Prep, Prep

Twin towns

Bourg-de-Péage, France

Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Spain

Mindelheim, Germany

Schwaz, Austria

Verbania, Italy

Landmarks

There are some Sites of Special Scientific Interest within the parish. Stone Hill Rocks are 8 metres (26 ft) tall sandstone crags in the south of the Parish. They are of interest as they reveal a three dimension picture of the sedimentary make up of the surrounding geology.^[12]

Famous residents

Dr. Richard Beeching

W. H. Davies with wife Helen (first home at Tor Leven, Cantelupe Road, after marrying at the Register Office).

Neil Gaiman

Ted Hutt

Jane Leeves

Rev. Dr. John Mason Neale

Sir Archibald McIndoe

Sir Patrick Moore (lived at Glencathara, Worsted Lane, 1929-1965)

Louise Redknapp

Andrew Sullivan

Johnny Waldron

George Godley

Right Said Fred

East Grinstead in literature

East Grinstead is the destination of the adulterous lovers Norman and Annie in Alan Ayckbourn's trilogy of plays entitled The Norman Conquests. It was chosen because Norman, after some effort, couldn't get in at Hastings. In the 1978 BBC T.V. version of the trilogy, Norman and Annie were portrayed by Tom Conti and Penelope Wilton.

East Grinstead also features in Christopher Fowler's novel, Psychoville (1996), in which the town features as harbouring the fictional Invicta Cross, as well as the eventual New Invicta. The town of New Invicta was later used by Jo Amey in Heist as a safehouse

East Grinstead is mentioned in the lyrics to British musician Robyn Hitchcock's song, Listening To The Higsons. ("The Higsons come from Norwich, but I prefer East Grinstead.")

East Grinstead is the home of Harry Witherspoon, one of the lead characters in a musical comedy by Flaherty and Ahrens called "Lucky Stiff".

East Grinstead is mentioned a couple of times in Monty Pythons Flying Circus. It was mentioned that several letters come from the "East Grinstead Friday."

Sports and social clubs

East Grinstead Athletics Club

East Grinstead Cycling Club founded in 1950

East Grinstead Hockey Club who now compete in the English Hockey National League Premier Division.

East Grinstead Lacrosse Club formed in 2004

East Grinstead Tennis & Squash Club

East Grinstead Town Football Club formed on May 8, 1890

East Grinstead Mavericks Football Club formed in 2002

Felbridge Lawn Tennis Club located just outside East Grinstead

Other Clubs include:

East Grinstead Ex-servicemen and Women's Club. (C&IU)Affiliate

1343 (East Grinstead) Sqn Air Cadets. Often seen parading in town on Remembrance Sunday, Mayday and other Events.